The Franco-Bretons were represented by
Sir Jean de Beaumanoir Constable of Brittany
Governor of
Josselin
Sir Olivier Arrel
Sir Caron de Bosdega
Sir Geoffroy du Bois
Sir Yves Charruel
Sir Guy de Rochefort
Sir Jean Rouxelot
Sir Robin
Raguenel
Sir Huon de Saint-Hugeon
Sir Jean de Tinté
Squires
Geoffroy de Beaucorps
Hughes Capus-le-Sage
Olivier de Fontenay
Louis de
Goyon
Alain de Keranrais
Guillaume de la Lande
Guillaume de la Marche
Geoffroy de Mellon (killed)
Olivier de Monteville
Maurice du Parc
Tristan de
Pestivien
Guyon de Pontblanc
Geoffroy Poulard (killed)
Geoffroy de la Roche
Geslin de Tré
The Anglo-Bretons were represented by
Sir Robert Bramborough, Captain of Ploermel (killed)
Sir Robert Knolles (fought at Auray)
Sir Thomas Billefort
Sir Hugh Calveley (fought at Auray)
Sir Herve Laxaualan
Sir Richard Lalande
Squires
& Men-at-Arms
John Plesington
Richard Gaillard
Hughes Gaillard
Huceton Clemenbean
Hennequin de Guenchamp
Renequin Herouart
Hennequin Le Mareschal
Raoulet d'Aspremont
Gaultier l'Alemant
Bobinet Melipart
Jean Troussel
Robin Ades
Perrot Gannelon
Guillemin-le-Gaillard
Jennequin Taillard
Rango-le-Couart
Raoul Prevot
Dardaine (killed)
Repefort
Croquart the German
Isannay Dagworth (nephew of Sir Thomas Dagworth)
Helecoq
This was violent combat, with deaths on both sides. Most
combatants were wounded in the fight.
There are several good descriptions of the action. The first
presented here is from Histoire de Bretagne, vol. i. p. 280 by the
editor of Froissart's Chronicles cited below. He notes with surprise that
Foissart did not address this combat in his chronology. Both these accounts vary in the spelling of names and places.
"After the death of sir Thomas Daggworth, the king appointed
sir Walter Bently commander in Brittany. The English being much irritated at
the death of Daggworth, and not being able to revenge themselves on those who
slew him, did so on the whole country by burning and destroying it. The marshal
de Beaumanoir, desirous of putting a stop to this, sent to Bembro (Bramborough), who
commanded in Ploërmel, for a passport, to hold a conference with him. The
marshal reprobated the conduct of the English, and high words passed between
them; for Bembro had been the companion in arms to Daggeworth."
"At last one of
them proposed a combat of thirty on each side: the place appointed for it was
at the halfway oak-tree between Josselin and Ploërmel; and the day was fixed
for the 27th March, the fourth Sunday in Lent, 1351. Beaumanoir chose nine
knights and twenty-one squires: the first were, the lord de Tinteniac, Guy de
Rochefort, Yves Charruel, Robin Raguenel, Huon de St. Yvon, Caro de Bodegat,
Olivier Arrel, Geoffry du Bois, John Rousselet, etc."
"Bembro could not find a
sufficient number of English in his garrison; there were but twenty, the
remainder were Germans and Bretons. Among them were, sir Robert Knolles, Croquart,
Hervé de Lexualen, John Plesanton, Richard and Hugh le Gaillart, Jannequin
Taillart, Ressefort, Richard de la Lande, Thomelin Billefort, Hugh Calverly,
Robinet Melipars, Yfrai or Isannai, John Russel, Dagorne, and a soldier, named
Hulbitée, of a very large size, and of great strength. Bembro first
entered the field of battle, and drew up his troop. Beaumanoir did the same.
Each made a short harangue to his men, exhorting them to support their own
honour and that of their nation. Bembro added, there was an old prophecy of
Merlin, which promised victory to the English."
"As they were on the point of
engaging, Bembro made a sign to Beaumanoir he wished to speak to him, and
represented he had engaged in this matter rather imprudently; for such combats
ought first to have had the permission of their respective princes. Beaumanoir
replied he had been somewhat late in discovering this; and the nobility of
Brittany would not return without having proved by battle who had the fairest
mistresses. The signal was given for the attack. Their arms were not similar;
for each was to choose such as he liked. Billefort fought with a mallet 25lbs.
weight, and others with what arms they chose. The advantage, at first, was for
the English; as the Bretons had lost five of their men. Beaumanoir exhorted
them not to mind this, as they stopped to take breath; when, each party having
had some refreshments, the combat was renewed. Bembro was killed. On seeing
this, Croquart cried out, “Companions, don't let us think of the prophecies of
Merlin, but depend on our courage and arms; keep yourselves close together, be
firm, and fight as I do.” Beaumanoir, being wounded, was quitting the field to
quench his thirst, when Geoffry du Bois cried out, “Beaumanoir, drink thy
blood, and thy thirst will go off.” This made him ashamed, and return to the
battle. The Bretons at last gained the day, by one of their party breaking on
horseback the ranks of the English; the greater part of whom were killed.
Knolles, Calverly, and Croquart, were made prisoners, and carried to the castle
of Josselin. Tinteniac, on the side of the Bretons, and Croquart, on the
English, obtained the prize of valour. Such was the issue of this famous combat
of Thirty, so glorious to the Bretons, but which decided nothing as to the
possession of the duchy of Brittany."
The second description of the combat presented here is said to be from
Froissart's Chronicle (possibly a different, later version?) edited by
Steven Muhlberger and from the Amiens version of the Chronicles.
"In this same season as the siege of
St.-Jean-d'Angely, there took place in Brittany a most marvelous deed of arms
which should never be forgotten but which one should hold up as an example to
encourage all knights bachelor. And so that you are better
able understand the situation, you should know that there was constant war in
Brittany between the parties of the two ladies, and so it was that Messire
Charles of Blois was imprisoned. And the parties of the two ladies
made war on each other through garrisons which held the various castles and
fortified towns."
"Messire Robert de Beaumanoir, a very valiant
knight of a great family in Brittany, was castellan of Castle Joselin, where he
had a great many men-at-arms of his lineage and other mercenaries. And it
so happened one day that he came to be roaming near the town and castle of
Ploërmel, whose castellan was a German mercenary named Blandebourch, who had
with him a great many German, English, Breton and other foreign mercenaries and
who were all of the party of the Countess of Montfort."
"When Messire Robert saw that none of the
garrison was coming out, he went to the gate and called out this Blandebourch,
under a guarantee of safety, and asked him whether he had any companion, or
perhaps two or three, who wished to joust with steel lances against three
others, for the love of their ladies. Blandebourch replied and said
that their ladies would hardly wish that they should get themselves killed in a
single joust, for this kind of venture was over too soon."
"But," he said, "I will tell
you what we will do, if you like. We will choose twenty or thirty
of our companions in the garrison and we will go to an open field and
there we will fight as long as we can endure it; and let God give the victory
to the better of us."
"By my faith," replied Messire
Robert de Beaumanoir, "you speak very well and I vow we will do just what
you say; now, pick a day."
"An appointment was made for the following
Wednesday and they gave each other a firm truce up to that day; and under its
terms Robert and his people departed. So they provided themselves with
thirty companions, knights, squires and others taken from the garrisons, and
Blandebourch also chose thirty from all his companions."
"When the day had come, the thirty companions
of Blandebourch heard Mass and then armed themselves and left for the field
where the battle was to take place. And they dismounted and ordered all
those who were there that none of them should be so bold as to intervene for
any reason whatever. Thus did the thirty companions whom we will
call "the English;" and they waited a long time for the other
thirty, whom we will call "the French."
"When these had come, they dismounted and gave
the same command. And when they all had come face to face, they
spoke a little, all sixty of them, and then stepped back a pace, each party to
its own side. And then they made all their people retreat well back from
field. Then one of them gave a signal and immediately they ran over
and fought fiercely all in a pile, rescuing one another handsomely when they
saw their companions in trouble."
"Soon after they had come together, one of the
Frenchmen was killed, but the others did not leave off fighting on this
account. They held themselves as valiantly on both sides as if they
had been all Rolands and Oliviers. In truth, I cannot say "These
conducted themselves better than the others;" but they fought so long that
they all lost strength and breath and ability to fight."
"It seemed a good idea for them to stop and
rest, and they rested by mutual agreement. They granted each other
a truce until they had recovered and until the first who got up again should
call the others back. At this point there were four French dead and two
English. They rested a long time, and drank some wine which was
brought to them in bottles, and tightened their armor which had broken and
cleaned their wounds and bandaged them up."
"Then they had rested
enough, the first who got up made a sign and called the others. The
battle recommenced as fiercely as before and it lasted a long time. And
they conducted themselves very well in this second round. But
finally the English were worsted; for as I heard tell from those
who saw it, one of the Frenchmen, who was on horseback split them up and badly
trod them underfoot. And so Blandebourch their captain and eight of their
companions were killed. Messire Robert de Beaumanoir and his men
took the rest as hostages back to his garrison. And that is how the
affair went."
Today there are two monument on the
Colonne des Trente site. The larger one was put up in 1819 after the Restoration. It is
made up of 30 blocks of granite, one for each of the Franco-Bretons who
fought. The text reads "Vive le Roi longtemps, les Bourbons toujour ...
erected 1819 during the reign of Louis XVIII." The thirty names on the
the monument are the Bloisists who fought and there is no mention of the
Montfortists.